Ignoring Fare Evaders Can Make Mass Transit Faster—And Richer

By AARIAN MARSHALL, Wired

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So the enterprising Norwegians had an idea: Don’t just ditch the malfunctioning hardware. Ditch the turnstiles and gates altogether, along with the idea of physical barriers that demand payment.

It’s not so radical. By nixing fare gates, public transit agencies emphasize ease of access over making every last rider pay. Europe got into “proof of payment” systems—where wandering personnel request evidence you paid your way—in the 1960s. They made it to American shores, mostly in light rail systems, by the 1990s.
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https://www.wired.com/2016/12/ignoring-fare-evaders-can-make-mass-transit-faster-richer/